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Vliv vybraných minerálních prvků ve vztahu ke krevnímu obrazu u skotu.
DRESLER, Sylva
The aim of the current doctoral thesis is to evaluate the influence of the composition of a total mixed ration supplemented with dietary, organically bound zinc on health status and related hematological and biochemical parameters and mineral levels in blood in cows and their calves. The experimental part is divided in two subareas. The first experiment is monitoring the effect of supplementation of the organic form of zinc on lactation performance of cows and effect of TMR composition on the blood parameters of the hematological, metabolic, and mineral profile of cows and their calves. The second experiment is focused on an effect of the addition of organic zinc on blood parameters, health, and immunological status of weaned calves - metabolic profile, concentration of vitamins A and E, trace elements Cu and Zn, and total immunoglobulin levels in blood serum.
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Use of radiotherapy in treatment of children with leukemia
PAVLIŠTÍKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the use of radiotherapy in childhood leukemias and is divided into a theoretical part and a part of practical patients. The theoretical part generally describes the introduction to the physiology of blood, it also deals with the issue of hematological diseases treated before transplantation of blood cells in hematopoiesis, which include myelodyplastic syndrome and leukemia. It also describes the types of leukemia that occur in pediatric patients. The chapter dealing with the diagnosis of the disease describes the physical and biochemical examination, blood count and differential budget of white blood cells, bone marrow examination, immunological and molecular biological examination. A large part of the theoretical part deals with the treatment of the disease, which describes the available treatment methods, such as cytostatic treatment or chemotherapy, the principle of blood stem cell transplantation and its distribution, not least radiotherapy, which describes the technique of total body irradiation and prophylactic irradiation of the cerebellum. The last-mentioned treatment methods include alternative treatment and supportive treatment, which deals with transfusion of blood derivatives, prevention and treatment of infectious complications, nutrition and rehabilitation. It also describes the side effects of treatment and their therapy. Finally, the theoretical part focuses on psychological and social issues. In the practical part, the data concerning patients with leukemia are processed using the NIS system at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Prague at the Motol University Hospital. The results of the work are summarized in the discussion and conclusion. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe the treatment of leukemia in pediatric patients and to analyze the severity of side effects of radiotherapy treatment.
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Variability in selected haematological traits related to gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Dlugošová, Sylvie ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Volf, Jiří (referee)
Thousands of parrots all over the world suffer from illnesses and medical complications that can result from interactions between their immune system and bacteria in their digestive tract. The aim of this master's thesis is to understand the link between symptoms of these medical issues, the composition of blood and gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots. Using the hematological methods, 198 blood samples representing 53 parrot species were analyzed. The composition of microbiome was defined by combination of a molecular approach using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 132 fecal samples, 12 intestine samples, 228 cloacal swabs and 236 beak swabs representing in total 61 parrot species and a diagnostic approach by psittacine fecal Gram's stain method. Significant association of hematological parameters with individual, environmental and clinical factors was observed, as well as its considerable interspecific variability. Absolute heterophile and lymphocyte counts have been shown more useful for infectious and autoimmune disease monitoring than H/L ratio. Relative numbers of basophiles were the best indicator for behavioral disorders. In relation to hematological parameters, the effect of the bacterial family Flavobacteriaceae, as part of the oral microbiota, and the bacteria Escherichia or...
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Molecular mechanisms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia
Handrková, Helena ; Petrák, Jiří (advisor) ; Šebela, Marek (referee) ; Trka, Jan (referee)
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital syndrome that presents with ane- mia and selective deficiency of erythroid precursors, while other blood lineages are usu- ally unaffected. Approximately half of the patients display additional somatic anoma- lies and growth retardation. The therapy is mostly symptomatic and is dominated by corticosteroids, other modalities include regular blood transfusions or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the beginning of this work, only two DBA causal genes were known, RPS19 and RPS24, being mutated in approximately 1/4 of all DBA patients. The goals of this work were to study the consequences of the known DBA causal mutations on cellular level and to find novel DBA causal genes. To date, over a half of DBA patients have been reported to carry a mutation in one of nine known DBA causal genes, including RPS17, RPL11 and RPL5, that are reported in this dissertation. All confirmed DBA causal genes encode for ribosomal proteins (RPs) that were essential for ribosome assembly. We further hypothesized a non- ribosomal protein participating in this process might be involved in DBA pathogenesis, too. In one DBA patient, we identified a rare sequence variant in one such candidate, a protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3). We reported that the patient PRMT3...
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Variability in selected haematological traits related to gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots (Psittaciformes)
Dlugošová, Sylvie ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Volf, Jiří (referee)
Thousands of parrots all over the world suffer from illnesses and medical complications that can result from interactions between their immune system and bacteria in their digestive tract. The aim of this master's thesis is to understand the link between symptoms of these medical issues, the composition of blood and gastrointestinal microbiota in parrots. Using the hematological methods, 198 blood samples representing 53 parrot species were analyzed. The composition of microbiome was defined by combination of a molecular approach using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 132 fecal samples, 12 intestine samples, 228 cloacal swabs and 236 beak swabs representing in total 61 parrot species and a diagnostic approach by psittacine fecal Gram's stain method. Significant association of hematological parameters with individual, environmental and clinical factors was observed, as well as its considerable interspecific variability. Absolute heterophile and lymphocyte counts have been shown more useful for infectious and autoimmune disease monitoring than H/L ratio. Relative numbers of basophiles were the best indicator for behavioral disorders. In relation to hematological parameters, the effect of the bacterial family Flavobacteriaceae, as part of the oral microbiota, and the bacteria Escherichia or...
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Změny vybraných krevních parametrů koní
BERÁNKOVÁ, Hana
Laminitis is one of the most common multifactorial diseases of horse limbs. Recent studies show that 90% of this disease is due to endocrinological diseases such as Cushing's syndrome or equine metabolic syndrome. In available literature, there is not much relevant information on the relationship of laminitis to hematological and biochemical blood parameters. This diploma thesis "Changes in selected blood parameters of horses" evaluates biochemical and haematological blood parameters in connection with laminitis in 27 sick horses. It statistically compares the differences in blood parameters between healthy and sick horses.
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Secondary sexual ornaments and ectoparasites in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica)
Wichová, Eliška ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Parasites could represent an important evolutionary driver and play an important role in a sexual selection. In the mate selection process, females use secondary sexual ornaments, which may reflect the parasite load and health condition of males. Females would benefit from choosing males with the most extravagant sexual characters, which indicate low levels of parasite infestation. A popular model species for sexual selection study is the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica). However there are no recent studies investigating the relationship between the level of the ectoparasitic infestation and the ornamentation of the barn swallow. Results of this thesis, based on analysis of ectoparasite load in 204 individuals show, that the level of infestation by feather mites is positively correlated with outermost tail feathers and the intensity of feather holes is negatively correlated with a breast coloration. The relationship between the abundance of ectoparasites and white tail spots was not found. The effect of ectoparasites on the survival of individuals or the nest initiation date was not observed. A possitive relationship between the individual seasonal change in feather mites infestation and brood size was detected. This implies a potential trade-off between the investments into parental care and defence...
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